Not until modern days that is. But then again, today the emphasis of "folk magic" is more a venue for amusement, "spiritual growth" and subcultural identification, rather than a method of increasing income, handling relations or removing destroyed conditions and the evil eye.
There is an abundance of ancestral veneration, use of the dead and all kinds of elemental beings and nature spirits in the same manner that has been praxis for at least 1,2 millenia but no gods or godesses.
Well, ok. It is not completely empty. There are rituals, timings, materials and some other things that has a clear connection to Thor. And a few to Oden. And Frigga. And Freja, yes. But the latter are a minimal amount.
If these large cults, described so vividly by people lika Adam of Bremen in the 11th century had been anchored among commoners and not so much an exclusivity of the aristocracy I bet we would have seen a lot more preserved in the rituals, spells and folklore of later days.
It can not be explained away with the introduction of Christianity and their profound was against hedonism. Of course Christianity spread from aristocracy down to all layers of Norse society, but that did not stop people from feeding the Tomte (the house elf). Nor did it stop us from giving votive gifts to other Elfs, or to the dead or to a host of other spirits of nature or guardians of certain places. It did not stop us from visiting the crossroads, the cemetaries, the earthbound rocks, the rivers and the streams. It did not stop us from ligthing the large bonfires at Easter,Valborg, May 1, Midsummer and so on. It did not stop us from celebrating both Midsummer and Christmas in a way that would make other Christian countries blush and cry "Pagans!".
Yes, one might claim that they have been hidden under noa names and people forgot what their real names were. Just like what happened with "Freya" (which means just "Wife" or "Our Lady") and a bunch other other examples.
Yes, many of them were bunched up with the Trolls, the mountain kings and yes, Oden got associated with the Devil and Frigga and Freya with St. Mary. But, as the case with other long standing traditions, this would not be the case if these divine beings were a deeply rooted part of the folk tradition. Thor survived, did he not?
My conclusion is that the others never became a steadfast part of folk tradition and died in the Ragnarok of cultural change.
Suggested ebooks:
Alfred Thompson - Magic And Mystery A Popular HistoryMichael Jordan - Dictionary Of Gods And Goddesses
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